The Stages of Change; Why Relapse Doesn’t Mean Failure
Recovery is often seen as a straight path—once you decide to change, you move forward and never look back. But the reality is much more complex. Change, especially in addiction recovery, is a process, not a single decision. The Stages of Change model, developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, helps us understand this journey and reminds us that relapse is not failure—it's part of the process.
Understanding the Stages of Change
The Stages of Change model outlines five key phases people go through when making a significant life change:
Precontemplation – In this stage, a person is not yet considering change. They may be unaware that their substance use or behavior is a problem, or they may feel that change is unnecessary. Often, individuals in this stage may have faced negative consequences but rationalize them as unrelated to their substance use. Encouragement and education can help them become more open to the idea of change.
Contemplation – Here, a person begins to recognize the impact of their addiction and considers making a change, but they may still feel ambivalent or unsure about taking action. They might weigh the pros and cons of quitting, feeling torn between the comfort of old habits and the potential benefits of recovery. Support from peers, loved ones, and professionals can be crucial in helping them move forward.
Preparation – The individual starts taking small steps toward change, such as researching treatment options, seeking support, or setting goals for cutting back. They may begin making lifestyle adjustments, such as avoiding certain social situations that trigger substance use. This stage is about building a foundation for success and developing a plan to navigate challenges.
Action – This is where real change happens. The person actively modifies their behavior, engages in treatment, or adopts healthier coping mechanisms. This stage often requires significant commitment, and individuals may experience a mix of triumphs and struggles. Having a solid support system and access to coping tools can be crucial for maintaining momentum.
Maintenance – After achieving some stability, the focus shifts to sustaining long-term recovery and preventing relapse through continued self-care and support systems. Individuals may develop new routines, build stronger relationships, and engage in activities that reinforce their recovery. Maintenance is an ongoing process that requires vigilance and adaptability.
Where Does Relapse Fit In?
Relapse is often viewed as a step backward, but in the Stages of Change model, it’s simply another part of the process. Many people cycle through these stages multiple times before lasting change takes hold.
Relapse can happen for many reasons—stress, triggers, lack of support—but it does not erase progress. Instead, it provides valuable information about what’s needed to strengthen recovery. If relapse occurs, it’s an opportunity to reassess strategies, reinforce coping skills, and re-engage with support systems. Recognizing the warning signs of relapse, such as emotional distress, isolation, or romanticizing past use, can help individuals take preventive action.
Why Relapse Isn’t Failure
It’s a Learning Experience – Every relapse teaches something new. What triggered it? What support was missing? What needs to change moving forward? Understanding these factors can help strengthen future recovery efforts.
Progress is Not Linear – Growth comes with setbacks. Just because someone stumbles doesn’t mean they haven’t made progress. Recovery is a journey, and setbacks can provide new insights into personal resilience and needed adjustments.
Shame is the Enemy of Recovery – Viewing relapse as failure can lead to self-blame and hopelessness, making it harder to re-engage in recovery. Compassion and understanding are key. Reframing relapse as a momentary challenge rather than a permanent defeat can foster resilience.
Support Matters – Those who seek help after a relapse tend to recover faster. Reaching out to a coach, therapist, or support group can make all the difference. Community and connection play a vital role in sustaining recovery.
Moving Forward After Relapse
If you or someone you love has experienced a relapse, remember: the road to recovery isn’t about never falling—it’s about getting back up. A relapse is not the end of the journey; it’s a sign that something in the recovery plan may need adjustment. Taking proactive steps, such as revisiting coping strategies, seeking additional support, or making lifestyle changes, can help rebuild momentum.
The most important thing is to keep going. Every step forward, no matter how small, is a victory. Recovery is a process, and with the right support, change is always possible.
Need help navigating the recovery journey? Reach out for support today. You don’t have to do this alone.
